What Do I Need to Know About a Pan Flute

Musical instrument, typically made from bamboo

A pan flute (also known every bit panpipes or syrinx) is a musical musical instrument based on the principle of the closed tube, consisting of multiple pipes of gradually increasing length (and occasionally girth).^[1] Multiple varieties of pan flutes accept been popular as folk instruments. The pipes are typically made from bamboo, giant cane, or local reeds. Other materials include wood, plastic, metal and ivory.

Proper name [edit]

The god Pan playing on his Pan flute. Excerpt from the Flemish mag "Regenboog". Draft for the woodcut "Pan" of Jozef Cantré. Published in 1918.^[2]

The pan flute is named after Pan, the Greek god of nature and shepherds often depicted with such an instrument.^[3]

Pan and Daphnis – 1st century BC Roman replica of second century BC Greek original

The pan flute has get widely associated with the grapheme Peter Pan created by Sir James Matthew Barrie, whose name was inspired past the god Pan.^[4]

In Greek mythology, Syrinx (Σύριγξ) was a forest Nymph. In her attempt to escape the affection of god Pan (a creature half caprine animal and half man), she was transformed into a water-reed or calamos (cane-reed). Then, Pan cut several reeds, placed them in parallel 1 side by side to the other, and leap them together to make a melodic musical instrument. Aboriginal Greeks called this instrument Syrinx, in honour of the Muse, and Pandean, or Pan-pipes and Pan-flute, afterward Pan. The Syrinx, a predominantly pastoral instrument for the Greeks, was adopted past the Etruscans who played it at their festivals and banquets; the Etruscans called it fistula. The Romans adopted the Syrinx from the Greeks and the Etruscans, and they too played it at their banquets, festivals, also as in religious and funeral processions.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Construction [edit]

The pan flute's tubes are stopped at ane end, at which the continuing wave is reflected giving a note an octave lower than that produced by an open up piping of equal length. In the traditional South American style, pipes are fine-tuned to correct pitch past placing small pebbles or dry corn kernels into the bottom of the pipes. Contemporary makers of curved Romanian-style panpipes utilize wax (commonly beeswax) to melody new instruments. Special tools are used to place or remove the wax. Corks and rubber stoppers are also used, and are easier to quickly melody pipes.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Acoustics [edit]

The pan flute is an end-diddled flute. Sound is produced by the vibration of an air-stream blowing across an open pigsty at the stop of a resonating tube. The length of the tube determines the fundamental frequency. An overblown harmonic register is near a 12th above the fundamental in cylindrical tubes, just tin approach an octave jump (8th) if a decreasing taper is used.^{[ citation needed ]}

According to the Fundamental Principle for pan flutes, the frequency and the length of the tube are inversely proportional. Every time the pitch goes up 1 octave, the frequency doubles. Considering there are 12 notes in a chromatic scale or a full octave, every half-footstep in a chromatic scale is multiplied by the 12th root of 2 to get the note next to information technology. Past this, it is possible to calculate the length of any pipe, given that one knows the length of any one pipe. The formula for calculating the length of a pan flute pipage is L = (c / f) / iv (the "theoretical length" L equals the speed of sound c = 343 m/s, divided by the desired frequency in hertz f, that quantity divided by four; this simplifies and rearranges to: Length of pipe (in centimeters) × Frequency (in hertz) = 8575). Because of a belongings of compression within the tube, the length must be a piffling shorter to correct apartment pitch. The actress length is helpful for a maker, who can use a cork or plug at the lesser to adjust the pitch. Some instruments apply wax or pellets to melody the key pitch of each tube. A tube that has a bore one/x of its length yields a typical tone color (see Timbre). An inner diameter range betwixt 1/vii and i/14 of the length L is acceptable. A narrow tube volition audio "reedy", while a wide one will sound "flutey". A more exact method is to multiply the bore diameter past 0.82 and subtract this value from the tube length. This compensates for internal compression slowing frequency and the lips partially covering the voicing. Only tiny adjustments will exist needed then to adapt primal pitch for air density and temperature.^[5] ^[half-dozen] ^[7] ^[viii]

Playing [edit]

The pan flute is played past blowing horizontally beyond an open end confronting the precipitous inner edge of the pipes. Each piping is tuned to a keynote, called the central frequency. By overblowing, that is, increasing the pressure of breath and tension of lips, odd harmonics (notes whose frequencies are odd-number multiples of the fundamental), well-nigh a 12th in cylindrical tubes, may also be produced. The Romanaian pan flute has the pipes arranged in a curved array, solidly glued together, different Andean versions, which are usually tied together. Thus, the histrion can easily attain all the notes past simply swiveling the head, or by moving the instrument with the easily. These instruments can likewise play all the sharps and flats, with a special technique of both tilting the pipes and jaw movement, thus reducing the size of the pipe'due south opening and producing a modify in pitch. A very advanced role player can play any scale and in any central. There are 2 styles of vibrato possible, hand vibrato and breath vibrato. In mitt vibrato, the pitch is shifted upwardly and downwardly, similar a vocal vibrato. The player gently moves one end of the pan flute (commonly the loftier end) somewhat similar to violin vibrato. Breath, or throat vibrato, which is more than accurately described as a tremolo or volume swell, is the same technique used by players of the flute and other woodwinds past use of the player'south diaphragm, or throat muscles.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Variations [edit]

The curved-style pan flute was popularized by the Romanian musician Gheorghe Zamfir, who toured extensively and recorded many albums of pan flute music in the 1970s, and past several other artists who began recording at the aforementioned time. Today there are thousands of devoted players across Europe, Asia and the Americas. Both the curved and traditional South American variations are as well very popular in Peruvian traditional groups and other Andean music.

In Laos and Thailand, there is a cylindrical version called the wot, used in folk music from the Isaan region of the country. The player alters notes past rotating the musical instrument with the hands, rather than by caput movements.

Some new designs are beginning to appear, equally designers and makers take advantage of computer-aided design and 3D condiment manufacturing, to movement past the limitations of traditional tool and materials. These new pan flutes address some long-standing problems to make information technology an easier instrument to learn and to play accurately.

Types [edit]

Paixiao
Wot
Nai (Romania, Moldova).
Siku
Kuvytsi, Svyryli, Rebro, Nai (Ukraine)
A pocket-size panflute called chiflo or xipro was used by Galician mobile knife sharpeners in Portugal, Kingdom of spain,^[9] Argentina^[10] and Mexico, who blew quick, loud scales to announce their arrival in the neighborhood. They were traditionally bored from a block of wood, merely more recently take been cast in plastic.
The firlinfeu is a popular folk instrument in Brianza, the province of Monza and the southern sides of provinces of Lecco and Como (Italy).
Quills, an African American instrument known primarily through the recordings of Henry Thomas in the 1920s, and the Delta blues musician Sid Hemphill. More than recently, Dom Flemons has revived the playing of the quills.^[11]
Soinari
Larchemi

References [edit]

panpipe. (n.d.). The American Heritage Lexicon of the English language Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: Definition of panpipe | Dictionary.com
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Syrinx". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge Academy Press.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pan flutes.

Wait upwardly pan flute in Wiktionary, the gratuitous dictionary.

A Worldwide History of the Pan Flute
Spirit Flute
Data on quills
Hall of Panflutists
A History of the Pan Flute

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_flute

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